Board Management Controller

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A board management controller (BMC) is essentially a mini-computer inside of a server. It is accessible via network port and automatically powers on when the system is connected to power.

It allows to control the power of a system, monitor its sensors, and may send alerts in case of hardware failures.

For remote access they provide access to serial consoles and sometimes even a virtual display. They can even install virtual media to the system for installation or debugging purposes, without physically connecting anything.

BMCs often also allow to upgrade system and component firmware.

Standardized tools provide access to the BMC via the IPMI protocol. Newer systems now support a HTTP protocol called Redfish. Many vendors also have proprietary utilities and web interfaces.